بسم اللّٰهِ الرحمن الرحيم
Hadrat
Umar ibn al-Khattab
عُمَر بْن ٱلْخَطَّاب
(Radiyallahu Anhu) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ
1 Muharram 24 AH
Abu Hafs
(583 CE) — Makkah al-Mukarramah
stature: Tall and well-built in physique
complexion: Fair-skinned with a reddish tinge
distinguishing: Two dark lines had developed on his blessed face due to excessive weeping out of the fear of Allah
reference: Az-Zuhd lil Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal, pp. 149
- ◈Second most distinguished Companion after Hadrat Abu Bakr Siddeeq (radi Allahu anhu) — after the blessed Prophets and angels, the most eminent person among all of Allah's creation
- ◈The sun did not rise on any man better than Hadrat Umar (radi Allahu anhu)
- ◈Guaranteed entrance to Paradise — among the 'Asharah Mubashsharah' (ten blessed companions given the certain promise of Jannah)
- ◈Most eminent among all Awliya (friends) of Allah — after Hadrat Abu Bakr Siddeeq (radi Allahu anhu), no Wali can ever reach the rank of Wilayat that a blessed companion possesses
- ◈Distinctive nearness to the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) — both in worldly life and after passing, bestowed with especial and distinctive proximity
- ◈All the angels of the sky respect Hadrat Umar (radi Allahu anhu) and every Satan on the earth trembles with his fear
- ◈Allah placed the truth upon the tongue and heart of Hadrat Umar (radi Allahu anhu)
- ◈A man of wonders and miraculous Karamat — a paragon of excellence, Allah made him more distinguished than others by conferring upon him several wonders
“O Allah, grant honour to Islam through Umar ibn al-Khattab”— the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
“The sun did not rise on any man better than Umar”— the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
(Sunan-ut-Tirmizi, vol. 5, pp. 384, Hadees 3704)
“All the angels of sky respect Umar and every Satan on the earth trembles with his fear”— the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
(Tareekh Damishq, vol. 44, pp. 85)
“A true believer has devotion towards Abu Bakr and Umar, and a hypocrite bears malice towards them”— the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
(Tareekh Dimashq, vol. 44, pp. 225)
“Umar is the lamp of the dwellers of Jannah”— the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
(Majma'-uz-Zawaid, vol. 9, pp. 77, Hadees 14461)
“He (Umar) is the person who never likes falsehood”— the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
(Musnad Imam Ahmad, vol. 5, pp. 302, Hadees 15585)
“The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, 'A heavenly person will come to you', and then Hadrat Umar (radi Allahu anhu) arrived”— the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
(Sunan-ut-Tirmizi, vol. 5, pp. 388, Hadees 3714)
“The pleasure of Allah is the pleasure of Umar, and the pleasure of Umar is the pleasure of Allah”— the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
(Jam'-ul-Jawami' lis-Suyuti, vol. 4, pp. 368, Hadees 12556)
“Allah placed the truth upon the tongue and heart of Umar”— the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
(Sunan-ut-Tirmizi, vol. 5, pp. 383, Hadees 3702)
“The one who hated Umar hated me, and the one who loved Umar, it is as if he loved me”— the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
(Al-Mu'jam-ul-Awsat, vol. 5, p. 102, Hadees 6726)
“The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I entered into Jannah. There I saw a palace. I inquired, 'Whose palace is this?' Angel replied, 'Sayyiduna Umar's.' I wished to enter it but I thought of your self-respect and gave up the attempt. Hadrat Umar (radi Allahu anhu) said, 'O Prophet of Allah! My parents be sacrificed for you, how dare I think of my self-respect being offended by you?'”— Hadrat Jabir Bin 'Abdullah (radi Allahu anhu)
(Sahih Bukhari, vol. 2, pp. 525, Hadees 3679)
“As regard to my blessed companions, fear Allah, fear Allah! Do not make them the target of reproach after me. The one who loved them, he did so out of my love. And the one who had hatred towards them, he had hatred towards me. The one who harmed them, he annoyed me, the one who annoyed me surely annoyed Allah, and the one who annoyed Allah, soon he will be seized by Allah”— the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
(Sunan-ut-Tirmizi, vol. 5, pp. 463, Hadees 3888)
Embraced Islam in the sixth year of Prophethood (616 CE)
Became the 40th person to embrace Islam — he embraced Islam by virtue of the supplication made by the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). His conversion so significantly strengthened Muslim morale that Muslims were able to pray openly in congregation inside the sacred Haram for the first time
Openly migrated to Madinah — boldly declared his Islamic allegiance in the Ka'bah courtyard despite threats
Hadrat Ali (radi Allahu anhu) said he was 'the only one who openly migrated'. He challenged the Quraysh openly before departing
Participated as a faithful minister in all major battles: Badr, Uhud, and Khandaq
Contributed in all Islamic campaigns and in all strategic decisions of war and peace headed by the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as a faithful minister and comrade
Nominated as the second Caliph by Hadrat Abu Bakr Siddeeq (radi Allahu anhu)
The first Caliph, Hadrat Abu Bakr Siddeeq (radi Allahu anhu), nominated him as the Caliph after him. He executed all the responsibilities of caliphate marvellously and proved to be the worthy successor of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
Founded the Islamic Hijri calendar — establishing a structured system of dating still in use today
Established structured bureaucracy and provincial governance — including stipends for poor, pensions for elderly, support for orphans and widows
Night patrols of Madinah — would personally patrol the streets at night to ensure the welfare of his subjects
When his shirt tore whilst in Syria, a governor offered a new one — Hadrat Umar (radi Allahu anhu) refused, saying his patched garment 'absorbs more perspiration'
Abolished the evil custom of human sacrifice at the River Nile in Egypt through a miraculous letter
When Egypt was conquered, the people had a custom of throwing a virgin girl into the Nile to make it flow. Hadrat Umar (radi Allahu anhu) sent a letter to the Nile itself, and the water rose 16 yards in a single night
Expanded the Islamic state into Persia, the Levant, and Egypt during his approximately 10-year caliphate
Embraced Islam in the sixth year of Prophethood (616 CE)
Became the 40th person to embrace Islam — he embraced Islam by virtue of the supplication made by the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). His conversion so significantly strengthened Muslim morale that Muslims were able to pray openly in congregation inside the sacred Haram for the first time
Openly migrated to Madinah — boldly declared his Islamic allegiance in the Ka'bah courtyard despite threats
Hadrat Ali (radi Allahu anhu) said he was 'the only one who openly migrated'. He challenged the Quraysh openly before departing
Participated as a faithful minister in all major battles: Badr, Uhud, and Khandaq
Contributed in all Islamic campaigns and in all strategic decisions of war and peace headed by the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as a faithful minister and comrade
Nominated as the second Caliph by Hadrat Abu Bakr Siddeeq (radi Allahu anhu)
The first Caliph, Hadrat Abu Bakr Siddeeq (radi Allahu anhu), nominated him as the Caliph after him. He executed all the responsibilities of caliphate marvellously and proved to be the worthy successor of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
Founded the Islamic Hijri calendar — establishing a structured system of dating still in use today
Established structured bureaucracy and provincial governance — including stipends for poor, pensions for elderly, support for orphans and widows
Night patrols of Madinah — would personally patrol the streets at night to ensure the welfare of his subjects
When his shirt tore whilst in Syria, a governor offered a new one — Hadrat Umar (radi Allahu anhu) refused, saying his patched garment 'absorbs more perspiration'
Abolished the evil custom of human sacrifice at the River Nile in Egypt through a miraculous letter
When Egypt was conquered, the people had a custom of throwing a virgin girl into the Nile to make it flow. Hadrat Umar (radi Allahu anhu) sent a letter to the Nile itself, and the water rose 16 yards in a single night
Expanded the Islamic state into Persia, the Levant, and Egypt during his approximately 10-year caliphate
Embraced Islam in the sixth year of Prophethood (616 CE)
Became the 40th person to embrace Islam — he embraced Islam by virtue of the supplication made by the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). His conversion so significantly strengthened Muslim morale that Muslims were able to pray openly in congregation inside the sacred Haram for the first time
Openly migrated to Madinah — boldly declared his Islamic allegiance in the Ka'bah courtyard despite threats
Hadrat Ali (radi Allahu anhu) said he was 'the only one who openly migrated'. He challenged the Quraysh openly before departing
Participated as a faithful minister in all major battles: Badr, Uhud, and Khandaq
Contributed in all Islamic campaigns and in all strategic decisions of war and peace headed by the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as a faithful minister and comrade
Nominated as the second Caliph by Hadrat Abu Bakr Siddeeq (radi Allahu anhu)
The first Caliph, Hadrat Abu Bakr Siddeeq (radi Allahu anhu), nominated him as the Caliph after him. He executed all the responsibilities of caliphate marvellously and proved to be the worthy successor of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
Founded the Islamic Hijri calendar — establishing a structured system of dating still in use today
Established structured bureaucracy and provincial governance — including stipends for poor, pensions for elderly, support for orphans and widows
Night patrols of Madinah — would personally patrol the streets at night to ensure the welfare of his subjects
When his shirt tore whilst in Syria, a governor offered a new one — Hadrat Umar (radi Allahu anhu) refused, saying his patched garment 'absorbs more perspiration'
Abolished the evil custom of human sacrifice at the River Nile in Egypt through a miraculous letter
When Egypt was conquered, the people had a custom of throwing a virgin girl into the Nile to make it flow. Hadrat Umar (radi Allahu anhu) sent a letter to the Nile itself, and the water rose 16 yards in a single night
Expanded the Islamic state into Persia, the Levant, and Egypt during his approximately 10-year caliphate
- ♥Two dark lines had developed on his blessed face caused by tears due to excessive weeping out of the fear of Allah — despite being destined for Jannah, he wept so profusely that permanent marks were left
- ♥Would sometimes bring his hands near fire and question himself, 'O son of Khattab! Do you have courage to bear this fire?' — reminding himself of the Hereafter
- ♥Observed fasts continuously for two years before his demise — except for Eid-ul-Adha, Eid-ul-Fitr and when travelling, he would fast on a regular basis
- ♥Would eat no more than seven or nine morsels — extreme simplicity in eating despite ruling a vast empire
- ♥Would wake up his households for Salat-ut-Tahajjud in the night, reciting the Quranic verse: 'And command your household to establish prayer, and yourself be steadfast in it'
- ♥Said: 'To me, offering Salat-ul-Fajr in congregation values more than offering Nafl Salah all the night' — personally went to check on those who missed Fajr in congregation
- ♥A bowl full of honey was presented to him. Holding it, he said thrice: 'If I drink it, its deliciousness and sweetness will soon end but accountability for it will remain.' He then gave it to someone else
- ♥When he fell ill and physicians prescribed honey, he was not willing to take it from the treasury without prior permission of the Muslims. He went to the main Masjid and gathered the maximum number of Muslims to seek their permission. Only when people allowed did he use it
- ♥Would gather sand as a pillow when travelling outside cities — lived with extreme simplicity even as leader of the entire Muslim empire
- ♥Walked barefoot even on Eid day to the prayer ground
- ♥Asked the children of Madinah to make du'a for his forgiveness — despite being guaranteed Paradise, maintained deep fear of Allah's accountability
- ♥Was personally giving an oil massage to the camels donated in Sadaqah. When asked why, he replied: 'Who else can be a better servant than me! The one who is a ruler of the Muslims, in fact, is a servant of them.'
- ♥Said: 'Even if a lamb dies on the bank of the Euphrates, Umar will be questioned about it on the Day of Resurrection' — his extraordinary sense of responsibility as Ameer-ul-Mu'mineen
- ♥Used to say: 'Remember Hell abundantly since it is extremely hot and very deep and its hammers are made up of iron (with which the sinners will be struck)'
- ✦Victory of Muslims by the call of Hadrat Umar (radi Allahu anhu) — while delivering a sermon at Masjid-un-Nabawi in Madinah, he suddenly called out 'O Saariyah! Turn your back towards the mountain!' His voice miraculously reached Hadrat Saariyah (radi Allahu anhu) hundreds of miles away at Nahawand, turning the tide of battle and granting victory to the Muslim army
- ✦Letter to the River Nile — when the people of Egypt requested Hadrat 'Amr Bin 'Aas (radi Allahu anhu) about a custom of throwing a virgin girl into the Nile to make it flow, he wrote to Hadrat Umar (radi Allahu anhu). The Caliph sent a letter addressed to the Nile: 'Do not flow if you flow of your own accord, and if Allah makes you flow, I supplicate to Almighty Allah to make you flow.' The paper was put into the Nile and within a night the water level rose by 16 yards, and the evil custom was completely abolished
- ✦Conversation with the person buried in the grave — he went to visit the grave of a pious young man and said: 'O man! Allah has said: And for one who fears to stand before his Rab, are two Gardens.' The dead person replied loudly twice from inside the grave: 'My Rab has bestowed me with those two gardens.'
- ✦Sudden appearance of two lions — a person found Hadrat Umar (radi Allahu anhu) sleeping outside town with his head resting on his whip. The person drew his sword to attack, but two lions suddenly appeared from the unseen and rushed towards him. Terrified, the person screamed and embraced Islam at the hands of Hadrat Umar (radi Allahu anhu)
- ✦Strike of whip terminated the earthquake — when an earthquake occurred in Madinah Munawwarah, Hadrat Umar Bin Khattab (radi Allahu anhu) became furious and struck his whip on the earth, saying: 'O earth! Stay still. Did I not maintain equity and justice on you?' The earth became still and the earthquake stopped
- ✦The dead person screamed — a trader named Abul Husayb Basheer was arranging the funeral of a pious man in Iran. As they were preparing the body, it suddenly moved, sat up, bricks fell from its belly, and the dead man started screaming: 'Alas, the fire! Alas, the destruction!' He confessed that his good deeds did not benefit him because he used to abuse Hadrat Abu Bakr Siddeeq and Hadrat Umar Farooq-e-A'zam (radi Allahu anhuma). He was brought back to life as a warning to blasphemers of the blessed companions
2nd Caliph of Islam (Ameer-ul-Mu'mineen)
Duration: Approximately 10 years (634-644 CE / 13-23 AH)
- ✓Founded the Islamic Hijri calendar — still in use today
- ✓Established structured bureaucracy and provincial governance system
- ✓Expanded Islamic state into Persia, the Levant, and Egypt
- ✓Introduced public welfare: stipends for poor, pensions for elderly, support for orphans and widows
- ✓Maintained strong justice — upheld rights of all citizens regardless of social status or religion
- ✓Patrolled streets at night personally to ensure subjects' welfare
- ✓Abolished evil customs including human sacrifice at the Nile
Khattab ibn Nufayl
Quraysh (Banu 'Adiyy)
Hadrat 'Abdullah ibn Umar (radi Allahu anhu) — a great narrator of hadith
1st Muharram-ul-Haraam, 23 AH (644 CE)
63 years old
Martyred by Abu Lulu Feeroz (a Persian fire worshipper) — stabbed with a dagger during Salat-ul-Fajr
Buried beside Hadrat Abu Bakr Siddeeq (radi Allahu anhu), who had been resting beside the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), in the blessed chamber
“The person who discloses my faults to me is dearer to me.”
“I have pondered about it; when I intend to improve my worldly life, there seems to be a loss in the afterlife. And when I intend to improve my Hereafter, I observe the loss in my worldly life. So, this is the fact; hence you should (comparing the loss of the afterlife) bear the loss of this mortal world.”
“Remember Hell abundantly since it is extremely hot and very deep and its hammers are made up of iron (with which the sinners will be struck).”
“If I drink it, its deliciousness and sweetness will soon end but accountability for it will remain.”
“To me, offering Salat-ul-Fajr in congregation values more than offering Nafl Salah all the night.”
“Who else can be a better servant than me! The one who is a ruler of the Muslims, in fact, is a servant of them.”
- 🌟Hadrat Umar (radi Allahu anhu) was so strong and brave that when he became Muslim, the other Muslims were able to pray openly for the first time!
- 🌟He once wrote a letter to a river and it started flowing again — SubhanAllah! The evil custom of throwing a girl into the Nile was abolished forever!
- 🌟Even though he was the leader of a huge empire, he would walk barefoot and sleep on sand!
- 🌟He would eat only seven or nine morsels of food — even though he was the ruler of a vast empire stretching across many countries!
- 🌟When there was an earthquake in Madinah, he struck his whip on the ground and said 'Stay still!' — and the earthquake stopped!
- 🌟Two lions appeared from nowhere to protect him while he was sleeping — and the person who came to harm him became Muslim instead!
- 🌟He had two marks on his face from crying so much out of love and fear of Allah — he was so devoted that even though he was promised Jannah, he still wept in worship!
Battles & Conquests(2)
Other Events(5)
Martyrdom of Hadrat Umar ibn al-Khattab (Radiyallahu Anhu) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ
1 Muharram 24 AH
Birth of Hadrat Umar ibn al-Khattab (Radiyallahu Anhu) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ
1 Muharram
Compilation of the Quran (Mushaf of Hadrat Abu Bakr (Radiyallahu Anhu) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ)
1 Jumada al-Ula 12 AH
Caliphate of Hadrat Umar ibn al-Khattab (Radiyallahu Anhu) رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ Begins
22 Jumada al-Thani 13 AH
Revelation of Hijab (Verse of the Veil)
1 Dhul Qa'dah 5 AH